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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(3): 595-600, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385686

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The superior laryngeal artery is the primary vessel providing the blood supply to the larynx. Commonly, it is derived from the superior thyroid artery. Different variations in the origin have been described in the current literature; knowledge of such variations is crucial for various surgical interventions of the larynx and surgical procedures in the lateral region of the neck regarding the carotid triangle. It should be noted that radiological studies, such as selective angiography of the thyroid gland, can also be misleading in cases of variations. Herein, we describe a case of bilateral superior laryngeal artery originating directly from the external carotid artery of the neck. The arteries at first have a transverse course and then pierce through the thyrohyoid membrane alongside internal laryngeal nerves. Moreover, we also review the known variations in the origin of the superior laryngeal artery and propose a new classification of all known variations.


RESUMEN: La arteria laríngea superior es el vaso principal que proporciona el suministro de sangre a la laringe. Comúnmente, se deriva de la arteria tiroidea superior. Han sido descritas diferentes variaciones en su origen y el conocimiento de éstas resulta crucial para las intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas en la laringe, como también en los procedimientos quirúrgicos que se llevan a cabo en la región lateral del cuello, respecto al triángulo carotídeo. Cabe señalar que los estudios radiológicos, como la angiografía selectiva de la glándula tiroides, también pueden ser engañosos en casos de variaciones anatómicas. Aquí, describimos un caso de arteria laríngea superior bilateral que se originaba directamente de la arteria carótida externa. Las arterias al inicio tenían un curso transversal y luego atravezaban la membrana tirohioidea junto con los nervios laríngeos internos. Revisamos también las variaciones conocidas en el origen de la arteria laríngea superior y proponemos una nueva clasificación de todas las variaciones conocidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Variation , Larynx/blood supply
2.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 39(1): e374, ene.-mar. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1126576

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La anatomía ósea de las cavidades paranasales presenta múltiples variantes, que pueden ser causa o factor predisponente de enfermedad rinosinusal, entre las que se encuentran las asimetrías y las agenesias. Éstas pueden ser reparos de gran importancia en la cirugía endoscópica nasal y demandan atención médica con frecuencia. Objetivo: Determinar las variaciones anatómicas de los senos frontales en los pacientes con cráneos braquicéfalos y que no presentaron diagnóstico de enfermedad rinosinusal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, donde fueron estudiados los diámetros transversales y longitudinales de los senos frontales a través de radiografías de cráneo AP en 28 pacientes con cráneos braquicéfalos, en el servicio de imagenología del Hospital Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso en los meses de enero y febrero de 2019. Resultado: Se identificaron las principales variaciones de los senos frontales a través de radiografías de cráneo y su comportamiento según variables epidemiológicas. Conclusiones: Predominó los enfermos (9) en el rango etáreo de 19-29 años, lo que representa un 32,1 por ciento, hubo un ligero predominio de los hombres con respecto a las mujeres, 10 (35,7 por ciento) pacientes presentaron agenesia bilateral y 3 (10,7 por ciento) agenesia unilateral izquierda. Las magnitudes de las cavidades derechas fueron mayores que las izquierdas y los senos frontales estudiados son asimétricos por su tamaño y posición(AU)


Introduction: The bone anatomy of paranasal cavities presents a large number of variants which may be the cause of or predisposing factor for rhinosinus disease, among which are asymmetry and agenesis. These may be very important hurdles in nasal endoscopic surgery and often require medical care. Objective: Determine the anatomical variations in the frontal sinuses of patients with brachycephalic skulls not diagnosed with rhinosinus disease. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of frontal sinus longitudinal and transverse diameters of frontal sinuses based on AP skull radiographs of 28 patients with brachycephalic skulls attending the imaging service of Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Hospital from January to February 2019. Result: Identification was made of the main frontal sinus variations in skull radiographs and their behavior according to epidemiological variables. Conclusions: The 19-29 years age group prevailed, with 9 patients (32.1 percent). There was a slight predominance of men versus women. Ten (35.7 percent) patients had bilateral agenesis and 3 (10.7 percent) had unilateral left agenesis. The magnitudes for right cavities were greater than those for left cavities. The frontal sinuses studied were asymmetrical in terms of size and position(AU)


Subject(s)
Craniosynostoses/complications , Frontal Sinus/anatomy & histology , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Epidemiologic Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(4): 879-888, jul.-ago. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1094095

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: diversos autores reflejan que la morfología de la silla turca constituye un factor predisponente para algunas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, se considera que existe correlación entre la morfología de esta estructura anatómica y varias patologías; como el síndrome de la silla turca vacía, síndrome de Williams, paladar hendido, entre otras. Objetivo: describir las variaciones anatómicas de la silla turca que se observan en las radiografías laterales de cráneo del Hospital Universitario "Faustino Pérez" de la ciudad de Matanzas, en el período de enero del 2017 a enero del 2018. Materiales y métodos: el universo fue 140 radiografías laterales de cráneo, de estas 85 pertenecieron al sexo femenino y 55 al masculino. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo y variaciones anatómicas de la silla turca. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: se observó un predominio de la variación anatómica de la silla turca en forma de U, en ambos sexos. Seguido de la forma de J, predominando la variación en forma de U en el grupo etario de 41 a 50 años y la forma de J en los pacientes mayores de 60 años. Conclusiones: es imprescindible el conocimiento de la anatomía normal de la silla turca y de sus variaciones anatómicas, tanto para las especialidades quirúrgicas como para las no quirúrgicas. Un análisis exhaustivo de la morfología de esta estructura es necesario para establecer parámetros que excluyan determinadas patologías.


ABSTRACT Introduction: several authors declare that sella turcica morphology is a predisposing factor to several diseases. For example, it is considered that there is a correlation between the morphology of this anatomical structure and several pathologies like empty sella turcica syndrome, Williams syndrome, cleft palate and others. Objective: to describe the anatomical variants of sella turcica observed in side cranial radiographies of the University Hospital ¨Faustino Perez¨ of Matanzas, in the period January 2017-January 2018. Materials and methods: the universe was 140 side cranial radiography: 85 belonged to female patients and 55 to male patients. The studied variables were age, sex and sella turcica anatomical variables. Theoretic and empirical methods were used. Results: it was observed a predominance of the U-shaped sella turcica anatomical variant in both sexes, followed by the J-shaped one. The U-shaped form predominated in the 41-50-years-old age-group and the J-shaped form in patients elder than 60 years. Conclusions: it is essential to know sella turcica normal anatomy and its anatomical variables, both for the surgical specialties and for the non-surgical ones. It is necessary the exhaustive analysis of this structure to establish parameters excluding several pathologies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Aged , Sella Turcica/abnormalities , Sella Turcica/pathology , Sella Turcica/diagnostic imaging , Stomatognathic Diseases/diagnosis , Stomatognathic Diseases/epidemiology , Williams Syndrome/epidemiology , Williams Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Empty Sella Syndrome/epidemiology , Empty Sella Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Endocrine System Diseases/diagnosis , Endocrine System Diseases/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Causality , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Observational Study
4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-211188

ABSTRACT

Background: Variant branching patterns of the aortic arch are not infrequent but are commonly under reported. This study was conducted to determine the spectrum of Variant branching pattern of aortic arch and their prevalence using contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images of the cases from a tertiary care centre.Methods:  Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images of aortic arch region from 1116(629 male and 487 female) cases from 18 to 85 years of age were examined retrospectively. The images were reviewed for normal and variant anatomy of aortic arch and the results were analyzed statistically.Results: Of 1116 patients, 878 (78.6%) cases showed normal and 238 (21.3%) cases had variant branching pattern of the aortic arch. The most common variation was the common origin of brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) and the left common carotid artery (LCCA) which was observed in 160 (14.3%) cases. In 8 (0.7%) cases, BCT and LCCA took origin from a single common trunk arising from the aortic arch. In 60(5.4%) cases, the left vertebral artery (LVA) originated directly from the aortic arch between the origin of the LCCA and left subclavian artery (SCA). 8 (0.7%) cases had aberrant right subclavian artery. Two (0.2%) cases showed right aortic arch.Conclusions: Interventional radiologists and surgeons should be well aware of variant anatomy of aortic arch. Contrast CT is a highly reliable imaging method for demonstrating anatomical features and variations of the arch.

5.
Rev. argent. cir ; 111(1): 33-35, mar. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003258

ABSTRACT

La variante no recurrente del nervio laríngeo recurrente (NLR) tiene una frecuencia que oscila entre el 0,25 y el 0,99% según las diferentes series informadas. El NLNR (nervio laríngeo no recurrente) es consecuencia de un desarrollo embriológico anómalo del tronco epiaórtico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con la variante tipo I del NLNR como hallazgo intraoperatorio durante una tiroidectomía total. El NLNR es un variante anatómica rara; debe pensarse siempre que se haya buscado exhaustivamente de forma reglada el nervio laríngeo inferior derecho sin localizarlo en su sitio anatómico habitual.


The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a variant of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) with an incidence between 0.25 and 0.99% according to the different series reported. The NRLN is consequence of a vascular anomaly during the embryological development of the epiaortic trunk. We report the case of a woman with type-1 NRLN as an intraoperative finding during total thyroidectomy. The NRLN is a rare anatomic variant that should be suspected when the right inferior RLN cannot be identified in the usual anatomic location after a standardized exploration.

6.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(1): 308-310, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990043

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Given that the gallbladder and the biliary tract are subject to multiple anatomical variants, detailed knowledge of embryology and its anatomical variants is essential for the recognition of the surgical field when the gallbladder is removed laparoscopically or by laparotomy, even when radiology procedures are performed. During a necropsy procedure, when performing the dissection of the bile duct is a rare anatomical variant of the bile duct, in this case the cystic duct joins at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts giving an appearance of trident. This rare anatomical variant in the formation of common bile duct is found during the exploration of the bile duct during a necropsy procedure, it is clear that the wrong ligation of a common hepatic duct can cause a great morbi-mortality in the postsurgical of biliary surgery. This rare anatomical variant not previously described is put in consideration to the scientific community. Anatomical variants of the biliary tract are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, causing serious bile duct injuries. Only the surgical skill of the surgeon and his open mind to the possibilities of abnormalities make the performance of cholecystectomy a safe procedure.


RESUMEN: Dado que la vesícula biliar y el tracto biliar están sujetos a múltiples variantes anatómicas, el conocimiento detallado de la embriología y sus variantes anatómicas es esencial para el reconocimiento del campo quirúrgico cuando la vesícula biliar se extirpa laparoscópicamente o por laparotomía, incluso cuando se realizan procedimientos de radiología. Durante un procedimiento de necropsia, se realiza la disección del conducto biliar y se observa una variante anatómica inusual del conducto biliar; en este caso, el conducto cístico se une a la confluencia de los conductos hepáticos derecho e izquierdo dando una apariencia de tridente. Esta rara variante anatómica en la formación del conducto biliar común puede causar una gran morbimortalidad en la cirugía biliar asociado a una ligadura incorrecta. Esta extraña variante anatómica no descrita anteriormente se reporta a la comunidad científica, debido a que las variantes anatómicas del tracto biliar se asocian con altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad, al causar lesiones graves en el conducto biliar. Solo la habilidad quirúrgica del cirujano y su mente abierta a las posibilidades de variaciones anatómicas hacen que la realización de la colecistectomía sea un procedimiento seguro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic/anatomy & histology , Gallbladder/anatomy & histology , Liver/anatomy & histology , Cholecystectomy , Cystic Duct/anatomy & histology , Dissection , Anatomic Variation , Hepatic Duct, Common/anatomy & histology
7.
The International Medical Journal Malaysia ; (2): 170-173, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-780814

ABSTRACT

@#Chyle leak is a well-known complication that can occur after a thyroidectomy with neck dissection; however, it rarely occurs after thyroidectomy alone. Here, we report a case of chyle leak following a left hemithyroidectomy for a benign solitary thyroid nodule. Based on the literature search, this is only the second reported case of a chyle leak after a simple hemithyroidectomy without any central or lateral neck dissection. Amongst the possible causes, we hypothesize that the use of intraoperative nerve monitor may be a contributing factor. Treatment options are explored and the patient was treated successfully with nonoperative management.

8.
Rev. medica electron ; 38(2): 145-155, mar.-abr. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-779742

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la arteria aorta es el mayor de los vasos elásticos del cuerpo humano. Las variantes a la norma anatómica de los ramos arteriales son formaciones que deben ser reconocidas por sus implicaciones durante las cirugías. Objetivo: determinar las variantes de origen a la norma anatómica de los ramos viscerales de la arteria aorta infradiafragmática. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo en 44 pacientes, mayores de 16 años, fallecidos por causas naturales en el Hospital Provincial Celia Sánchez, Manzanillo. Se observó, en el curso de la necropsia, el origen de los diferentes ramos viscerales de la arteria aorta infradiafragmática. Resultados: las variantes a la norma anatómica se constataron en el 45,45 % de los bloques predominando en el sexo femenino (59,09 %). Las arterias renales fueron las que más variantes a la norma anatómica presentaron, con el 57,69 % del total. En las arterias suprarrenales medias y gonadales se encontraron el 19,23 % del total de variantes. El tronco celiaco fue el único ramo visceral impar en el que se constataron variantes a la norma anatómica (11,54 %). El 11,54 % de las variantes se corresponden con bifurcaciones anómalas de la arteria aorta. Conclusiones: las variantes de origen a la norma anatómica, de los ramos viscerales de la arteria aorta infradiafragmática, tienen una frecuencia alta. Las mayores variantes se localizan en las arterias renales no encontrando variantes en las arterias mesentéricas. El conocimiento de estas variantes es importante en procedimientos quirúrgicos.


Background: aorta artery is the biggest of the human body elastic vases. The variants of the arterial branches anatomic norm are formations that should be recognized, because of their implications during surgeries. Aim: to determine the origin variants to the anatomic norm of the infra-diaphragmatic aorta artery visceral branches. Materials and Methods: an observational, descriptive, prospective study was carried out in 44 patients, elder than 16 years old, who died due to natural causes in the Provincial Hospital Celia Sanchez, Manzanillo. The origin of the different infra-diaphragmatic aorta artery visceral branches was observed in the course of the necropsy. Outcomes: variants to anatomic norm were stated in 45.45 % of the blocks, predominating in the female gender (59.09 %). Renal arteries were the ones presenting more variants to anatomic norm, with 57.69 % of the total. 19.23 % of the total of variants was found in the medial suprarenal and gonadal arteries. The celiac trunk was the only odd visceral branch where variants to anatomic branches were found (11.54 %). 11.54 % of the variants correspond to aorta artery anomalous bifurcations. Conclusions: the origin variants to anatomic norm of the infra-diaphragmatic aorta artery visceral branches have a high frequency. The biggest variants are located in the renal arteries. Variants were not found in the mesenteric arteries. These variants knowledge is important in surgical procedures.

9.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 18(4): 170-174, 2012. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665606

ABSTRACT

Purpose. A) To determine types and prevalence of anatomical variants of bronchial segmentation in patients who underwent 64-section Multidetector CT (MDCT) of the chest. B) To evaluate the ability of this method as a diagnostic tool. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective review of chest computed tomography studies of 156 adult patients, performed with Toshiba, Aquilion 64 CFX, CT Scanner Equipment, with chest volumetric acquisitions, and cuts of 0.5 mm. Images obtained allowed MPR and 3D reconstructions, along with virtual endoscopic visualization of the tracheobronchial tree, in the study period from may 2007 to may 2011, irrespective of reasons to request those examinations. Results. Eighty-nine (57 percent) of the 156 cases corresponded to male patients and 67 (43 percent) to female.patients. Fifty-two variants were found in 47 patients, since in five of them two variants were observed. The most commonly encountered variants were: variant of number (28 variants, 53 percent), of which 15 (28 percent) showed sub-superior lobar bronchus, 6 (11 percent) accessory bronchus in the left lower lobe; 5 (10 percent) isomerism of lower lobes, and 2 (4 percent) accessory bronchus in the right upper lobe. Among variations of origin (24 variants, 47 percent) we found 17 variants (33 percent) with right upper lobe bifurcation; 6 (12 percent) exhibited trifurcation of the left upper lobe bronchus, and 1 (2 percent) showed accessory tracheal bronchus. Conclusion. Anatomical variants in the tracheobronchial tree exhibited a prevalence of 33 percent in our study population. We found 52 variants in 47 patients, the most common being bifurcation of the right upper lobe bronchus, and subsuperior lobar bronchus. The study of anatomical variants, along with total anatomy of the tracheobronchial tree by 64 MDCT, irrespective of study protocol applied, can provide useful information prior to performing more invasive procedures, such as conventional bronchoscopy.


Propósito. Conocer tipos y prevalencia de las variantes anatómicas de la segmentación bronquial, en pacientes a quienes se les realizó TC de Tórax Multidetector 64 (TCMD 64). Evaluar la capacidad de este método para el diagnóstico de las mismas. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron en forma retrospectiva los estudios tomográficos que incluyeron el tórax, en 156 pacientes adultos, con tomógrafo Toshiba Aquilion 64, con adquisiciones volumétricas del tórax, cortes de 0.5 mm, obteniendo imágenes que permitieron reconstrucciones MPR, 3D y visualización endoscópica virtual traqueobronquial, en el período entre mayo de 2007 y mayo de 2011, independientemente del motivo por el cual fueron solicitados. Resultados. De los 156 estudios examinados, 89 (57 por ciento) fueron de sexo masculino y 67 (43 por ciento) femenino. En su análisis se encontraron 52 variantes, en 47 pacientes, ya que en cinco de ellos se observaron dos variantes. Entre las más frecuentes fueron: de número (28 variantes-53 por ciento), de las cuales: 15 (28 por ciento) con bronquio sub-superior; 6 (11 por ciento) bronquio accesorio en lóbulo inferior izquierdo; 5 (10 por ciento) isomerismo de lóbulos inferiores; y 2 (4 por ciento) bronquio accesorio en lóbulo superior derecho. Entre las variantes de origen (24 variantes-47 por ciento) encontramos 17 variantes (33 por ciento) con bifurcación del lóbulo superior derecho; 6 (12 por ciento) trifurcación del bronquio del lóbulo superior izquierdo; y 1 (2 por ciento) bronquio traqueal accesorio. Conclusión. Las variantes anatómicas en el árbol traqueobronquial presentaron una prevalencia en nuestra población de estudio del 33 por ciento, hallándose 52 en 47 pacientes, siendo las más frecuentes la bifurcación del lóbulo superior derecho y el bronquio subsuperior. Su estudio y el de la anatomía total del árbol traqueo-bronquial mediante TCMD 64, independientemente del protocolo de estudio empleado, puede aportar información de utilidad...


Subject(s)
Female , Bronchoscopy/methods , Bronchi/abnormalities , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Bronchography , Bronchi/anatomy & histology , Sex Distribution , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prevalence
10.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-151783

ABSTRACT

Backgrond: Biceps brachii is muscle of the flexure compartment of the arm. Anatomic variation of the biceps brachii muscle is one of the most variations in upper limb. The most common variation is a third head, but four, five or even seven heads have been reported. This variation may present as a group of accessory fascicles arising from the coracoids process, Pectoralis major tendon, proximal head of the humerus, articular capsule of the humerus or from humerus itself. Aim: to report the occurrence of the third head of biceps brachii in a sample Indian population along the western region of India, and to compare with other racial groups from previous study. Method: A prospective evaluation was conducted on cadavers at Govt. Medical College, Surat in Gujarat. The upper limbs of 32 cadavers were dissected and observed for variation in the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii muscle bilaterally. Result: A third head for the biceps brachii muscle were found in six arms. The variations were bilaterally. The short & long head were normal however third head was humeral origin and also arose from pectoralis major tendon and inserted into the conjoined tendon of the biceps brachii muscle as usual. The variant was present in three males (9.37%, n=32). Conclusion: Awareness of incidence of this variation is necessary to avoid complication during pre-operative procedure or surgeries in the upper limb.

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